Tempera powder has been baggage of the artist's arsenal for centuries.
Tempera colouring -- sometimes avowed as poster colouring -- comes in the design of a powdery pigment specious from glutinous materials. Nowadays tempera repeatedly finds itself used by youngsters in Craft organization, on the other hand this powder-based tint has a chronicle dating back to antiquated Egypt. Artists can shop for unmixed tempera powder, which requires the Appendix of inundate before it can be applied to a canvas, or premixed tempera paints, which come ready to handle.
History
In Craft novel, tempera gloss lies between beeswax-based encaustic paints and oil paints. Though artists used tempera powder in ancient Egypt and Greece too as in the mediaeval Byzantine Empire, this type of gloss came to prominence during the Italian Renaissance. Artists of the Italian Renaissance used tempera on panels and plaster walls to actualize murals. In the 15th and 16th century, Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelango utilized traditional egg-based tempera powder. The Social Realists of the 19th and 20th centuries -- including Paul Cadmus, Isabel Bishop and George Tooker -- repopularized the powder-based tempera colouring.
Ingredients
By reason of it is mixed with eggs, artists sometimes remit to tempera as "Ovum tempera."
Renaissance artists mixed tempera pigment powder with an Ovum yolk or total Ovum medium to fabricate stain, a tradition that tempera artists of the latest Period last. Some artists add glue, honey or milk to the powder while others application oil as their mixing medium to devise a smoother consistency. Traditionally, tempera pigment powder is an biological compound, though some contemporary tempera powders comprehend synthetic glutinous ingredients.
Features
Tempera powder is soft to the touch and it retains its soft, smooth qualities when it becomes stain. When mixed with a medium, tempera gloss has a thin consistency. As such, it cannot be applied thickly. Tempera dries quickly. Unlike oil stain, its successor, tempera paint does not fade, darken or discolour over clock. Indeed, tempera paints tend to heighten in color as they dry and age as the water mixed with the powder dries up. Tempera accommodates virtually any artistic style or painting technique.
Process
Artists apply tempera to a smooth prepared surface, commonly wood panels, dry plaster or other smooth surfaces prepped with chalk gesso. At this point in the process, some artists sketch plans for their painting on the surface. Pablo Picasso's 1919 "Sleeping Peasants" mixes tempera, watercolor and pencils on a paper canvas while Andrew Wyeth's 1949 "Christina's World" uses tempera on a gessoed panel.
"Birth of Venus" (c.1485-86) by Sandro Boticelli, which contains the iconic depiction of a nude Venus rising from a seashell, uses tempera paint. Leonardo da Vinci's "Madonna and Child" (c.1490-91) also employs tempera paint. Like many historic tempera paintings, it was painted on a panel and later transferred to canvas. They then slowly build thin, transparent layers of tempera. After tempera dries, it is often treated with a varnish -- sometimes an egg white-based substance known as glair -- to prevent flaking.
